What does that mean? View More. View All. A letter to our readers What is a K? PART I. About this Report. Government operations. Other related entities. Major government programs. Research and development. Marketing, sales, and distribution. Reporting segments.
Available information. Item 1A. Risk Factors. Item 2. Item 3. Legal Proceedings. Item 6. Selected Financial Data. Item 7. Expenditures by function. Expenditures by segment. Key metrics by segment. Financial condition. Application of critical accounting policies. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk. Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Notes to financial statements.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures. Item Executive Officers and Governance. Executive Officer Compensation. Download the K PDF. Download Individual Sections. Share the k. Share On. A letter to our readers. There are more subsidized housing units, but people are waiting longer for them.
More Americans are living alone and unmarried. The senior population is growing faster than the general population. The US is increasingly a nation of immigrants. Small roads and key train infrastructure are in poor condition. Data for the road ahead. What is a K? Newsletter Data delivered to your inbox Keep up with the latest data and most popular content. Email Address. Federal government structure The Constitution divides the federal government into three branches to ensure a central government in which no individual or group gains too much control:.
Each branch of government can change acts of the other branches as follows:. The president can veto legislative bills passed by Congress before they become law subject to Congressional override. The justices of the Supreme Court, who can overturn unconstitutional laws, are appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate.
Legislative The legislative branch enacts legislation, confirms or rejects presidential appointments, and has the authority to declare war. Executive The executive branch carries out and enforces laws. Judicial The judicial branch interprets the meaning of laws, applies laws to individual cases, and decides if laws violate the Constitution. State government structure 1 Under the Tenth Amendment to the US Constitution, all powers not granted to the federal government are reserved to the states and the people.
Legislative All 50 states have legislatures made up of elected representatives, who consider matters brought forth by the governor or introduced by its members to create legislation that becomes law. Executive In every state, the executive branch is headed by a governor who is directly elected by the people. Judicial Most states have a supreme court that hears appeals from lower-level state courts.
Local government structure 2 A government is an organized entity that, in addition to having governmental character, has sufficient discretion in the management of its own affairs to distinguish it as separate from the administrative structure of any other governmental unit.
To be counted as a government, any entity must possess all three of the following attributes:. Existence as an organized entity — the presence of some form of organization and the possession of some corporate powers, such as perpetual succession, the right to sue and be sued, have a name, make contracts, acquire and dispose of property, and the like. Governmental character — In essence, an organization can only be considered to be a government if it provides services, wields authority, or bears accountability that is of a public nature.
Substantial autonomy — This requirement is met when, subject to statutory limitations and any supervision of local governments by the state, an entity has considerable fiscal and administrative independence. Insular area government structure The US has many insular areas, or jurisdictions that are neither a state nor a federal district, including any commonwealth, freely associated state, possession, or territory. The following is a general background on how state government works.
Please note that each state operates according to its own constitution. The U. The states and national government share powers, which are wholly derived from the Constitution. Article I, Section 10 of the Constitution of the United States puts limits on the powers of the states. States cannot form alliances with foreign governments, declare war, coin money, or impose duties on imports or exports.
The Tenth Amendment declares, "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people. In many areas, states have a large role but also share administrative responsibility with local and federal governments. Highways, for example, are divided amongst the three different levels. Most states classify roads into primary, secondary, and local levels.
This system determines whether the state, county, or local governments, respectively, must pay for and maintain roads. Many states have departments of transportation, which oversee and administer intrastate transportation. Department of Transportation. States must also administer mandates set by the federal government. Generally these mandates contain rules which the states wouldn't normally carry out. For example, the federal government may require states to reduce air pollution, provide services for the handicapped, or require that public transportation must meet certain safety standards.
The federal government is prohibited by law from setting unfunded mandates. In other words, the federal government must provide funding for programs it mandates. Grants are an important tool used by the federal government to provide program funding to state and local governments. See figure. Block grants give the states access to large sums of money with few specific limitations. The state must only meet the federal goals and standards. The national government can give the states either formula grants or project grants most commonly issued.
Mandates can also pass from the state to local levels. For example, the state can set certain education standards that the local school districts must abide by. Or, states could set rules calling for specific administration of local landfills. Each state has its own constitution which it uses as the basis for laws. All state governments are modeled after the federal government and consist of three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial.
Therefore, in basic structure state constitutions much resemble the U. They contain a preamble, a bill of rights, articles that describe separation of powers between the executive, legislative and judicial branches, and a framework for setting up local governments. State constitutions also tend to be significantly more lengthy than the U.
State constitutions can contain as many as , words Alabama , and have as many as amendments attached also Alabama. Much of this length is devoted to issues or areas of interest that are outdated. Oklahoma's constitution, for example, contains provisions that describe the correct temperature to test kerosene and oil. California has sections that describe everything that may be deemed tax-exempt, including specific organizations and fruit and nut trees under four years of age.
All state constitutions provide for a means of amendment. The process is usually initiated when the legislature proposes the amendment by a majority or supermajority vote, after which the people approve the amendment through a majority vote.
Amendments can also be proposed by a constitutional convention or, in some states, through an initiative petition. All states have a bicameral, or two-house legislature, except Nebraska, which has a unicameral, or single, house.
In states where there is no official salary, legislators are often paid on a per diem basis i. Like the national legislature, each house in a state legislature has a presiding officer. The Lieutenant Governor presides over the Senate, but the majority leader assumes most of the leadership roles. The house elects a Speaker who serves as its leader. Leaders of each house are responsible for recognizing speakers in debate, referring bills to committee, and presiding over deliberations.
Legislators don't wield the only legislative power in state government. Motor Vehicles Registers vehicles, licenses drivers and promotes highway safety. Public Service Ensures that all New Yorkers have access to reliable and low-cost utility services by promoting competition and reliability in utility services. State Known as the keeper of records, the Department of State issues business licenses, enforces building codes, provides technical assistance to local governments and administers fire prevention and control services.
Transportation Coordinates and assists in the development and operation of highway, railroad, mass transit, port, waterway and aviation facilities. With a few exceptions, the Governor appoints the heads of all State departments and agencies of the executive branch. The exceptions include:. Within these counties are 62 cities including New York City , towns, villages and school districts including New York City.
Local governments are granted the power to adopt local laws that are not inconsistent with the provisions of the State Constitution or other general law. The Legislature, in turn, may not pass any law that affects only one locality unless the governing body of that locality has first approved the bill — referred to as a home rule request — or unless a State interest exists.
0コメント