Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon 4. Rockwood and Green's fractures in adults. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon. Related articles: Imaging in practice. Promoted articles advertising. Figure 1: normal pelvis Figure 1: normal pelvis. Figure 2: with pubic ramus fracture Figure 2: with pubic ramus fracture.
Figure 3: vertical shear fracture Figure 3: vertical shear fracture. Loading more images Close Please Note: You can also scroll through stacks with your mouse wheel or the keyboard arrow keys.
Loading Stack - 0 images remaining. By System:. Patient Cases. Laterally, it passes to the centre of the acetabulum and the upper part of the greater sciatic notch. It is a round plane with diameter of Internal rotation of the head occurs when the biparietal diameter occupies this wide pelvic plane while the occiput is on the pelvic floor i.
Plane of obstetric outlet plane of least pelvic dimensions : passes from the lower border of the symphysis pubis anteriorly, to the ischial spines laterally, to the tip of the sacrum posteriorly. Plane of anatomical outlet: passes with the boundaries of anatomical outlet and consists of 2 triangular planes with one base which is the bituberous diameter. Anterior sagittal plane: its apex at the lower border of the symphysis pubis. Posterior sagittal plane: its apex at the tip of the coccyx.
Anterior sagittal diameter: cm from the lower border of the symphysis pubis to the centre of the bituberous diameter. Posterior sagittal diameter: 7. Pelvic Axes Anatomical axis curve of Carus It is an imaginary line joining the centre points of the planes of the inlet, cavity and outlet. It is C shaped with the concavity directed forwards. It has no obstetric importance. Obstetric axis It is an imaginary line represents the way passed by the head during labour.
It is J shaped passes downwards and backwards along the axis of the inlet till the ischial spines where it passes downwards and forwards along the axis of the pelvic outlet. Inlet is slightly transverse oval. Sacrum is wide with average concavity and inclination. Side walls are straight with blunt ischial spines.
Sacro-sciatic notch is wide. The forensic anthropologist does not determine the cause of death, but rather provides information to the forensic pathologist, who will use all of the data collected to make a final determination regarding the cause of death.
The pelvic girdle, consisting of a hip bone, serves to attach a lower limb to the axial skeleton. The hip bone articulates posteriorly at the sacroiliac joint with the sacrum, which is part of the axial skeleton.
The right and left hip bones converge anteriorly and articulate with each other at the pubic symphysis. The combination of the hip bone, the sacrum, and the coccyx forms the pelvis. The pelvis has a pronounced anterior tilt.
The primary function of the pelvis is to support the upper body and transfer body weight to the lower limbs. It also serves as the site of attachment for multiple muscles. The hip bone consists of three regions: the ilium, ischium, and pubis. The ilium forms the large, fan-like region of the hip bone. The superior margin of this area is the iliac crest. Located at either end of the iliac crest are the anterior superior and posterior superior iliac spines. Inferior to these are the anterior inferior and posterior inferior iliac spines.
The auricular surface of the ilium articulates with the sacrum to form the sacroiliac joint. The medial surface of the upper ilium forms the iliac fossa, with the arcuate line marking the inferior limit of this area.
The posterior margin of the ilium has the large greater sciatic notch. The posterolateral portion of the hip bone is the ischium. It has the expanded ischial tuberosity, which supports body weight when sitting. The ischial ramus projects anteriorly and superiorly. The posterior margin of the ischium has the shallow lesser sciatic notch and the ischial spine, which separates the greater and lesser sciatic notches.
The body of the pubis articulates with the pubis of the opposite hip bone at the pubic symphysis. The superior margin of the pubic body has the pubic tubercle. The pubis is joined to the ilium by the superior pubic ramus, the superior surface of which forms the pectineal line. The inferior pubic ramus projects inferiorly and laterally. The pubic arch is formed by the pubic symphysis, the bodies of the adjacent pubic bones, and the two inferior pubic rami. The inferior pubic ramus joins the ischial ramus to form the ischiopubic ramus.
The subpubic angle is formed by the medial convergence of the right and left ischiopubic rami. The lateral side of the hip bone has the cup-like acetabulum, which is part of the hip joint. The large anterior opening is the obturator foramen.
The sacroiliac joint is supported by the anterior and posterior sacroiliac ligaments. The sacrum is also joined to the hip bone by the sacrospinous ligament, which attaches to the ischial spine, and the sacrotuberous ligament, which attaches to the ischial tuberosity.
The sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments contribute to the formation of the greater and lesser sciatic foramina. The broad space of the upper pelvis is the greater pelvis, and the narrow, inferior space is the lesser pelvis. These areas are separated by the pelvic brim pelvic inlet. The inferior opening of the pelvis is the pelvic outlet. Compared to the male, the female pelvis is wider to accommodate childbirth, has a larger subpubic angle, and a broader greater sciatic notch.
The obturator foramen is located between the ischium and the pubis. The superior and inferior pubic rami contribute to the boundaries of the obturator foramen.
Describe the articulations and ligaments that unite the four bones of the pelvis to each other. The pelvis is formed by the combination of the right and left hip bones, the sacrum, and the coccyx. The auricular surfaces of each hip bone articulate with the auricular surface of the sacrum to form the sacroiliac joint. This joint is supported on either side by the strong anterior and posterior sacroiliac ligaments. The right and left hip bones converge anteriorly, where the pubic bodies articulate with each other to form the pubic symphysis joint.
The sacrum is also attached to the hip bone by the sacrospinous ligament, which spans the sacrum to the ischial spine, and the sacrotuberous ligament, which runs from the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity. The coccyx is attached to the inferior end of the sacrum.
Compared to the male, the female pelvis is wider to accommodate childbirth. Thus, the female pelvis has greater distances between the anterior superior iliac spines and between the ischial tuberosities. The greater width of the female pelvis results in a larger subpubic angle. This angle, formed by the anterior convergence of the right and left ischiopubic rami, is larger in females greater than 80 degrees than in males less than 70 degrees.
The female sacral promontory does not project anteriorly as far as it does in males, which gives the pelvic brim pelvic inlet of the female a rounded or oval shape.
The lesser pelvic cavity is wider and more shallow in females, and the pelvic outlet is larger than in males. Thus, the greater width of the female pelvis, with its larger pelvic inlet, lesser pelvis, and pelvic outlet, are important for childbirth because the baby must pass through the pelvis during delivery. Skip to content The Appendicular Skeleton. Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Define the pelvic girdle and describe the bones and ligaments of the pelvis Explain the three regions of the hip bone and identify their bony landmarks Describe the openings of the pelvis and the boundaries of the greater and lesser pelvis.
The pelvic girdle is formed by a single hip bone. The hip bone attaches the lower limb to the axial skeleton through its articulation with the sacrum.
The right and left hip bones, plus the sacrum and the coccyx, together form the pelvis. The Hip Bone. The adult hip bone consists of three regions.
0コメント