The British came to Florida because they wanted to expand their land. Florida became under the control of the British, because they won the war. How did the US get Texas? During his tenure, U. President James K. With the support of President-elect Polk, Tyler managed to get the joint resolution passed on March 1, , and Texas was admitted into the United States on December How did England gain control of Florida?
Spain evacuated Florida after the exchange, leaving the province virtually empty. When was the largest portion of Florida acquired from Spain? Why was the Florida purchase important?
It gave Florida to the United States and it also set boundaries between the U. The Treaty was very important in settling previous confict with Spain. Why did many Southerners want to conquer Florida? Slave owners in Georgia were angry because slaves sometimes ran away to Florida. The indigo plant was used to dye cotton blue, while pokeberries red and oak bark brown were other popular colors.
Despite the image of refined wealth, the Folsom women's only manufactured clothes consisted of some formal dresses purchased in Charleston for a fancy ball. The Folsom men were identified as kind owners. Unlike others, they allowed plantation children, slave or freeman, the few pleasures of youth.
When they weren't fishing, chasing small animals, or picking berries, they were given small tasks such as carrying water into the fields or locating the nests of stray chickens. Hens were discouraged from this act of independence by allowing the kids to roast the eggs. Another memory of children was the long ride back to the barns on the coarse burlap sheets filled with the day's picking.
Unfortunately, children were usually terminated from casual activities before their teenage years. Unlike absentee farms, the Folsom properties were filled with active families, celebrating holidays and birthdays. The two brothers staged contests to see who could run the best Christmas party for the workers. Major holidays were best-remembered events in the lives of slaves. There was no work except for those who prepared the food and gifts were distributed in the main house. A supply of hickory wood soap was always kept by the door in case other planters brought slaves with them to the parties.
Everyone danced " the pigeon wing" while Bryant Folsom played his fiddle. The Folsoms operated wedding ceremonies on their plantations despite the nonexistence of lawful slave marriages in Florida. It was the Folsom's religious beliefs that brought them to the conclusion of participating in the common slave practice of "jumping over the broomstick. No institution in American history divided our society more than the existence of slavery in the United States.
Slavery was a major part of the Florida economy and culture until the Thirteenth Amendment ended the practice. He could be put to death for killing a white person, committing arson or rape or insurrection.
For lesser offenses, he could be physically nailed to a tree by the ears and given thirty-nine lashes. He was a prisoner to the land he did not own. He had to get permission from his owner to leave the farm to go to church or town. Even a visit with a family member required previous arrangements. Despite the offense, he could not testify in court without the acceptance of his owner. Only the kindness or economic selfishness of the slave-owner could make any aspect of a slave's existence bearable.
Slaves knew that the existence of laws of cruelty were mainly for the protection of slave owners, not the slave victim. A planter working slaves on Sunday would fine the wrath of fundamentalist neighbors more a deterrent than the meager two dollar fine. Unlike the Caribbean and Latin America, slaves were the private property mainly of individuals or partnerships.
The Territory of Florida owned no slaves. Yet, students of Florida history are generally confused by the lack of recorded slave rebellions in the state. They may note that black freedmen selected Florida over living in Alabama or Mississippi.
There are probable factors for this situation. Florida 's plantations were small and rarely operated by overseers. The entire plantation system was a closed society, with such structure that it was extremely difficult for a slave to escape without detection or for a slave to accumulate weapons and a strategy of vengeance.
The free states in the North were far too distance to flee on foot. Only the coastline and the possibility of a Caribbean bound ship presented a possible opportunity for escape. On the other hand, slaves were trained in the occupation and skills for their owners. Thus, slaves had as diverse a range of skills as the white population. Freedmen engaged in many jobs despite attempts to limit their skills and goals. Freedmen were also still subjected to whippings and fines for abusive language to whites or for associating with slaves without permission.
If a freedman was found idle, he could be forced to work. The system even encouraged freedmen to return to slavery. A particularly tragic story is that of George Proctor of the Bahamas , a talented freedman who came to Tallahassee in the 's and constructed many of the city's first homes.
Excited by the Gold Rush, he mortgaged his family to go to California. When he went broke in the West, his family was sold into slavery in Florida. On the well-managed plantations, slaves lived in small cabins, heated by fireplaces.
After the morning call, there was just enough time to eat breakfast, prepare lunch, and reach the wagons heading into the work fields. Most slaves labored until four o'clock when they were released to tend their own vegetable gardens and chickens around the cabins.
There was little privacy or free time, and the evening meal was the only time a family was together. Florida farms were smaller than those in neighboring states which meant specialized occupations like blacksmiths and maids were less common on Florida properties than elsewhere in the South. It was not uncommon, however, to see slaves hired out to work in town construction or public roads. Only the most skilled slave could find a way to buy his freedom.
Many of the slaves who gained their freedom was due to the retirement of their long time owners. Slavery offered little but the security of a place to live and a job.
Slaves could not be fired so aging slaves spent their remaining days doing odd chores. The health of a slave was important when they were young and strong, but medical help dwindled as a slave became less valuable.
Planters tended to be more sympathetic to slaves than small farmers and town workers, who viewed slaves as economic competitors. Another element that is often neglected by historical research is the large percentage of slaves who gained skilled knowledge on smaller farms. When the Civil War started, slaves took over the operations of both farm and town across Florida. As significant as the attitudes and beliefs fostered by by slavery as a social system was the systematic destruction of the slaves' African heritage.
Perhaps no where else in the Americas was slavery practiced in such a decentralized and capitalistic and individualistic manner to terminate most remnants of the black man's origins. Slaves were not allowed to maintain any identifiable African customs, nor speak any African words, nor practice any African faiths. In Florida slaves were mixed without consideration to African tribal culture. Only the common heritage of bondage brought together the African-American after several generations of slavery in the United States.
Slaves were sold either as individuals or family units, with no restrictions applied at the marketplace except the beliefs of the seller. Slave mothers raised children until they were old enough to work the fields as waterboys or helpers, although communal child-rearing did exist in some farms.
Fortunately for the slave, Florida 's small farm unit often preserved the slave family unit more than large plantations. Living conditions, however, were very basic on small farms, but often everyone had the same diet: salt pork, corn bread, locally grown greens, corn coffee, and cane molasses. Southern diets were high in starch and empty calories. Education was simply limited to the whims of the master, who sometimes encouraged learning how to read the Bible.
Weber, ed. See Weber, ed. South, Cuba, and Africa. Stathis, Landmark Legislation — Major U. Acts and Treaties Washington, D. Bergeron, The Presidency of James K. Polk Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, In the Senate, voters had elected 34 Democrats and 22 Whigs there were two vacancies. See Kenneth C. Martis, ed. Norton, : —; Herring, From Colony to Superpower : — Bloomington: Indiana University Press, : 75—82, quotation on p.
Frazier, ed. Polk during his Presidency, — , vol. I Chicago: A. Other Senators did not attend the session and thus did not vote. Congressional Globe , Senate, 29th Congress, 1st sess. For more information on public dissent and the war, see John H. Schroeder, Mr. Donelson to James K. Polk, 23 May , in Wayne Cutler, ed. Polk , vol. For a recent, balanced overview of the treaty process and its effects, see Howe, What Hath God Wrought : — Love, Race over Empire: Racism and U.
See also Hietala, Manifest Design : For the original speech, see Congressional Globe , Senate, 30th Cong. Featured Search Historical Highlights of the House.
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