But if a benign tumor is deep in the gland, the deep lobe might need to be partially or completely removed. In most cases, the entire gland is removed if the tumor is cancerous. If the tumor is small and low-grade does not spread and does not grow quickly , the surgeon might be able to remove only the superficial lobe.
During the operation, the surgeon will determine the amount of tissue that should be removed. After the gland or section is taken, it is sent to a pathologist. The pathologist slices a thin section, freezes it, colors it with special dyes, and examines it under a microscope. This procedure is called a frozen section. The frozen section is used to determine if the tumor is cancerous or benign, and the specific type of tumor. The most common type of cancer tumor in the head and neck is called squamous cell carcinoma.
Nerves that link to the saliva-producing areas in the parotid gland sometimes link with the nerves that control sweating in the skin. This might cause sweating of the skin at meal time Frey's syndrome. A rare condition, called a salivary fistula or sialocele, can develop and cause saliva to leak through the skin. A submandibular sialadenectomy is used for chronic infections, stones and tumors. Submandibular gland tumors are often malignant, in which case entire gland needs to be removed.
Many other glands in the mouth make saliva, so the mouth will still have enough saliva after the submandibular gland is removed. The incision for sublingual gland surgery is through the mouth. No incision is made in the face or neck. Skip to content. Salivary Gland Disease and Tumors Not what you're looking for?
Start New Search. What is salivary gland disease? The parotid gland makes 25 percent of the saliva and drains into the mouth near the upper teeth. The submandibular gland makes 70 percent of the saliva and drains into the mouth from under the tongue. The sublingual gland makes 5 percent of the saliva and drains into the floor of the mouth. Problems with the ducts Sialolithiasis sigh a lo THIGH a sis is a condition in which tiny salivary stones form in the glands.
Sialadenitis can become a severe infection if not treated properly. Tumors Most salivary tumors are benign noncancerous , but they can also be cancerous. What causes salivary gland disease? The exact cause of stone formation is not known, but certain factors might contribute to the condition: Dehydration, which thickens the saliva Decreased food intake, which lowers the demand for saliva Antihistamines, blood pressure medications, psychiatric medications and other medication that can decrease saliva production.
What are the risk factors for salivary gland disease? What are symptoms of salivary gland disease? Sialadenosis is usually painless, but the paratoid glands enlarge. How is salivary gland disease diagnosed? How is salivary gland disease treated? Ultrasound waves can be used to shatter large stones into small pieces. Small cysts may drain without treatment. Large cysts might need surgery. Cancer Disparities. Cancer Causes and Prevention. Risk Factors. Cancer Prevention Overview.
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Advance Directives. Using Trusted Resources. Coronavirus Information for Patients. Clinical Trials during Coronavirus. Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer. Emotional Support for Young People with Cancer. Cancers by Body Location. Malignant tumors of the major salivary glands can grow quickly, may be painful, and can cause loss of movement of part or all of the affected side of the face.
These symptoms should be immediately investigated. Dry mouth or dry eyes are common. This may occur with other systemic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Diabetes may cause enlargement of the salivary glands, especially the parotid glands.
Alcoholics may have salivary gland swelling, usually on both sides. Diagnosis of salivary gland disease depends on the careful taking of your history, a physical examination, and laboratory tests. If your doctor suspects an obstruction of the major salivary glands, it may be necessary to anesthetize the opening of the salivary ducts in the mouth, and probe and dilate the duct to help an obstructive stone pass.
Before these procedures, dental x-rays may show where the calcified stones are located. If a mass is found in the salivary gland, it is helpful to obtain a CT scan or a MRI magnetic resonance imaging. Sometimes, a fine needle aspiration biopsy in the doctor's office is helpful.
Rarely, dye will be injected through the parotid duct before an x-ray of the gland is taken a sialogram. Treatment of salivary diseases falls into two categories: medical and surgical. Selection of treatment depends on the nature of the problem. If it is due to systemic diseases diseases that involve the whole body, not one isolated area , then the underlying problem must be treated. This may require consulting with other specialists. Between the two lobes is the facial nerve.
The facial nerve is important because it controls your ability to close your eyes, raise your eyebrows, and smile. Other critical structures near the parotid glands include the external carotid artery , which is a major supplier of blood to the head and neck region, and the retromandibular vein , a branch of the jugular vein.
Surgery to treat a parotid gland tumor is called a parotidectomy. It requires great precision because the surgeon has to locate and operate around these important structures. Learn more about parotidectomy. About the size of a walnut, the submandibular glands are located below the jaw.
The saliva produced in these glands is secreted into the mouth from under the tongue. Like the parotid glands, the submandibular glands have two parts called the superficial lobe and the deep lobe.
Nearby structures include:. Learn more about submandibular gland cancer surgery. The sublingual glands are the smallest of the major salivary glands.
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